Tim Butcher: Blood River
In 2004 Tim Butcher decided to follow Stanley’s route of 1874-77 down the Congo from central Africa to the Atlantic. Butcher writes well of his travels and is able to punctuate his story with relevant historical outlines of a regions past and with well chosen and revealing interviews (he is a journalist) with local individuals.It is also a depressing tale of a country which, in Butcher’s words is not underdeveloped, but is un-developing. It is clear that it’s post Stanley colonial period under the Belgians was far from pleasant but even the limited gains of this period have vanished in the post-colonial chaos largely instigated not just by ex colonial powers and African neighbours keen to control the Congo’s vast resources, but also by a failure of indigenous leadership which has appeared happier to exploit rather than govern the peoples of the Congo. Butcher’s trip appears a unique event. The Congo no longer has cross country links – by road or river. Cities, towns and settlements survive on their own in isolation, retreating into the bush when trouble comes, as it often has. The United Nations has a tenuous presence, often providing the only sense of order, but even then this appears to be restricted to isolated key towns. Butcher was really only able to travel because of outside agencies such as the UN from whom he hitched lifts on UN ships and aircraft. The real heroes are the (very few) local aid agencies, such as Care International and International Rescue Committee, working in great danger and difficulty and who offer both lodging and transportation to Butcher across the Bush. At times I felt the “adventurer” in the author was unnecessarily endangering the lives (and work) of these people as he strove to accomplish his journey. It is noticeable that little real help was offered by those few Congolese companies and agencies in a position to assist. It is clear that Stanley would still recognise the vast region if he were to return today – that is what ultimately is most depressing to the author, as well as the reader. Jan'10 (*****)
Timothy Brook: Vermeer's Hat: The Seventeenth Century and the Dawn of the Global World
Timothy Brook presents us with an interesting idea. He has taken a small number of paintings (and objects relevant to his work) by the 17th century Dutch painter Jan Vermeer and used them to “open up doors” on the world of the time. The hat for example (in The Officer & Laughing Girl) is used to describe the origins of the north American fur trade, a black servant to lead us into an account of how much global travel was now taking place. This idea works best when it is truly global in context, the above mentioned fur trade or the emergence of Manila in the Spanish Empire – China – Europe triangle which the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was so successfully involving itself (developed further in casahistoria by Dr Massarella in What was Happening in East Asia Around 1600?) the Chinese porcelain trade and the global use for silver – as well as tobacco. In many places Brooks makes the development of this global trade network fascinating. The doors which serve as the basis are made clear by the provision of a good set of colour plates.
Brook is a specialist in China and this no doubt helps give depth to the understanding of Asia’s key location in the “doors”. However it is also a weakness. In places tighter editing might have prevented the narrative, almost defaulting, to examine the Chinese position in detail that is out of keeping with the rest of the account. As a consequence the reader can begin to fade in the overload of Chinese individuals and context, whilst other possible doors – for example the Turkish rug mentioned in passing in the Girl Reading a Letter by an Open Window, are ignored. Jan '10 (***)
Richard Holmes: The Age of Wonder: How the Romantic Generation Discovered the Beauty and Terror of Science
A well integrated story of the emergence of the modern "scientist" in the late 18th and early 19th century. Focusing on biographies of botanist Joseph Banks, the Herschel astronomy family and safety lamp man, Humphrey Davy this shows how a culture of science for society rather than individual study emerges. The cast list interwoven by Holmes is broad as well as enormous: the Montgolfiers and explorer Mungo Park but more significantly the close relationship between the people of science and the new Romantic literary movement. So we have the Shelleys, Southey, Coleridge and Byron attending lectures, sampling exotic gases as well as exchanging verses and prose with the scientists. A culture of Romantic celebs! There are surprises: the emegence of Caroline Herschel as a great scientist of note in her own right as well as the driving force behind her two brothers. Davy is shown in a much less sympathetic light (and is perhaps over emphasized here at the expense of more focus on continental conections to the movement as a whole). Like the best of writing at the end you want to read on - about the new wave of scientists that come through - Faraday, Babbage and the significance of Mary Somerville. Perhaps there is scope for a follow up to the 470 pages of tight print presented here..... Dec '09 (*****)
Randall E. Stross: Planet Google: How One Company is Transforming Our Lives
A good read if you want to find out about the nuts & bolts of Google's growth although this does tend to be short on broader critical analysis. A key point to emerge is Google's focus right from the start on supersizing their resources efficiently so that they have the raw computing power for later developments. Google seems to have an insatiable apetite for feeding its machines data to collate - hence the desire to feed them books, picturs, maps - even if the nature of their future use is unsure (or not fully thought through). Unsung success - google translator which is indeed getting better. Dec '09 (***)
Sean Longden: T-Force: The Race for Nazi War Secrets, 1945
This book has been a disappointment. Familiar with both the geographical area and the background technological and military history I found this little more than a regimental history of the “T-Force”, a group set up to seize and secure Nazi military technology at the end of World War II. There is too little strong central narrative, rather it is a collection of events, incidents & forays most of whom lack development. There is much interesting personal history based on anecdotal and witness accounts, but the general development would have perhaps benefited from tighter editing. An opportunity missed to tell the story thoroughly of how not just the USA and USSR but also Britain grabbed its share of German know-how at the start of the Cold War. Nov '09 (**)
Neal Bascomb: Hunting Eichmann: How a Band of Survivors and a Young Spy Agency Chased Down the World's Most Notorious Nazi
Adolf Eichmann was the SS officer behind the removal and logistics that sent millions of Europe’s Jews to the extermination camps of eastern Europe. Bascombe follows the likes of UKi Goñi in showing the growing cold war disinterest outside Israel for following up Nazi criminals like Eichmann and the role played by the Catholic Church as well as Argentina’s Perón in offering them an escape route and refuge.
This story of how Eichmann escaped capture in 1945 and fled Europe to Argentina where he was then captured in 1960 by Israeli secret agents is a real page turner which I couldn’t put down. Meticulously detailed it shows the chance way by which Eichmann’s new identity unravelled and how it was picked up by the Israeli’s who determined to capture and bring him back to Israel for trial. In fact it is so detailed I could clearly picture the suburban Buenos Aires streets in Olivos and San Fernando where the action took place. The whole mission was a masterpiece of organisation and planning and Bascombe makes this very evident. At times though as the cast of those involved grew, I would have like a list of characters to refer back to. Ultimately I found the book quite moving as the reader is carried along by the euphoria of the successful capture.
Less obvious to me before reading this was the hidden agenda behind the arrest and trial. From the start the Israeli government leadership hoped a high profile trial would do more than try an SS officer central to the Final Solution. Rather it was to refocus attention on the holocaust for a new, postwar global generation in danger of forgetting the genocide. In this it undoubtedly succeeded, especially in Germany where as a school student myself in the post Eichmann years I remember the much greater emphasis laid by the Bonner Government in education and the media on maintaining a high awareness and confronting the issues raised by the Final Solution. Oct '09
(****)
Antonia Fraser: King Charles II
Provides a useful continuation to any study of the English Civil War and its postwar political development. Fraser’s account makes it clear that in many ways despite being having a safer pair of political hands then his father and being constantly aware of the consequences of a rift with his subjects, politically Charles II was but a more worldy-wise and pragmatic version of his father. The father’s problems are not eradicated by the son, or by the 20 years of conflict that preceeded the 1660 restoration. Charles II has problems with Parliament – the issues of conflict are similar to those of Charles I; he is perhaps most steady once he rules without Parliament at the end of his reign. Again this was possible only due to financial security and has elements of similarity with Charles I’s period of Personal Rule. War would have meant recalling Parliament and a return to conflict – again as with Charles I. This insight in itself makes the read worthwhile. Equally useful is the light the work casts on the relationship of Charles II with his brother and heir, James II. This biography is best when telling of Charles II’s early life and exile as well as his dealings with his womenfolk (clearly considerate). Once in power, the book becomes a less satisfying read. Chronology is the basis of its framework. At times a more thematic structure (or substructure) would make for a clearer read. It is perhaps a book better used for its index rather than as a cover to cover read. Oct ‘09 (***)
Margaret MacMillan: Peacemakers Six Months That Changed the World: The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 and Its Attempt to End War
This is the book I wished had been written when I was a student. Macmillan writes in a clear readable manner, portraying the key participants, Wilson, Clemenceau & Lloyd George as very human characters, grappling with enormous issues but also showing up their flaws. The book also shows clearly the emergence of the Anglo-Saxon alliance that is to develop as the 20th century progressed. Most of all it presents the three as facing a novel situation: no real precedents; the sudden German collapse presented no time to prepare for the peace; the pressure of public opinion limited the freedom of action and forced some decisions the three knew would cause future problems. Additionally they were hemmed in by a desire to prevent the further growth of a feared new ideology adopted by their earlier ally – Bolshevism. However, the real value is on another level. It is an excellent primer for the 20th century. Coverage is global as Macmillan goes into detail about the creation and future problems not just of eastern & central Europe but also the Far and Middle East. For Example Japan’s concerns over the inclusion of a League principle to guarantee racial equality reveal the depth of unease the west had in dealing with a newly industrialised & strong Japan. There is also a clear explanation of the role the Great War played in the rise of an expansionist Japan in China, not always dealt with in western textbooks. This is a key resource for those beginning courses on 20th century history, making clear the origin of what become the dominant problems and concerns that mark out the century’s progression, or in many cases, regression. (See post of 30/08/09 for fuller review) Aug ‘09 (*****)
David Cannadine: Ornamentalism: How the British Saw Their Empire
Ornamentalism is an explanation of the method by which Great Britain exercised (indirect?) control over its Empire. Cannadine argues that the Empire was governed using a theatrical form of social elitism which interpreted local societies as a reflection of the multilayered and tightly ranked home society in Britain. What this meant was that local aristos were sought out by the British (eg Maharajahs, Sultans, Nawabs, tribal chiefs, Bedouin leader/kings. In the settled dominions these were drawn from settled grandees – especially and initially in Ireland) and placed alongside the British colonial regimes to lend legitimacy and local control. Why ornamental? Because an elaborate system of rewards based on the award of (colourful & ornate) honours within a structure of conspicuous display for those of local & British high rank (Indian durbars, investitures, “plumed hats”) bred a form of upper class bonding that crossed caste & race differences to create a ruling class that controlled one quarter of the globe in the interests of Britain. Everyone, local dignitary or colonial official, knew their place in the hierarchy and energies focused on climbing up the decorative ladder and not falling out with the fount of promotion – London. Hence colonial government was carried out as London wished, and the plumed hats and fancy awards poured out to those in government, especially the local royalty. Several issues need developing: There is too little on who actually perceived the Empire in this way at the time and more importantly who cultivated it. This is especially significant when the book shows how even the British ruling classes were so ready to get rid of the ornamental Empire and betray its colonial collaborators during decolonisation. (Fuller review- see post: “ornamentalism, the pretty way to rule an empire” post. Aug ’09. (***)
John Gimlette: Panther Soup: Travels Through Europe in War and Peace
John Gimlette, author of an excellent "travel history" of Paraguay has turned his attention now to Europe in 1944-5. Following a veteran of the US landings in Marseilles he and the veteran retrace the route taken by a US anti tank panther company through France into Germany and finally into Austria. This is an interesting adea: the author juxtaposes the actions of the war with the position today in key locations of the original campaign to see what remains and what is now different. The strongest part of the book is the description of the war in the forests of the Vosges, a theatre that normally receives little attention. July '09 (***)
Michael Burleigh: Blood and Rage: A Cultural History of Terrorism
Starts with the Irish Fenians of the 19th century then progresses (regresses?) through Russian bombers, anarchists onto the 20th century terrorist groups: Israeli, Palestinian, Irish, Basque, the European Red Brigades. The final (largest) section encompasses contemporary Islamist terror groups. Some is done well. Burleigh is best on the more focused sections where he can follow a linear history: Fenians, Basques & Israeli terrorism as well as the final section on contemporary Islamist terror movements. Elsewhere (anarchism especially) exposition is at times over complex and confusing. I felt even a timeline would cope better with the huge amount of chronology and undeveloped personalities and events offered. Perhaps its scope is over ambitious. It may have been better to break it down into a couple of volumes (and so also include the latin American movements of the 1970’s: tightly linked in many ways to the Red Brigades/RAF but a curious and large omission, even if admitted to by the author in the introduction). At its best this a very good survey despite being openly opinionated, (increasingly so as chapters near the present). It could also do without the authors own explicit “solutions” at the end – many of these are certainly valid but are largely implicitly clear to the perceptive reader and do not require reinforcement. Perhaps more for research and dipping into rather than reading from cover to cover, this remains a valid and accessible addition to the topic. June '09 (***)
Tim Tzouliadis: The Forsaken: An American Tragedy in Stalin's Russia
The "Forsaken" are a small group of US citizens who move and settle in the USSR to escape the Depression and work in a society they believed promised more than the capitalist USA in the 1930's. Within a couple of years all goes wrong as they get caught up (as dangerous "spies") in the 1930s Terror. One by one they disappear and this is where their tragedy begins. Innocents caught in Stalin's and then the NKVD's paranoia they are siezed off the street, tortured, forced to confess then shot or sent to the Siberian Gulags to be worked to death and vanish without trace. Just like the anything up to 20 million other Soviets that Tzouliadis includes in the narrative. What is especially appalling about these US victims is that they are disowned totally by the US. The Embassy ignores appeals for help (In fact it fails to even protect its own employees from disappearance. One of its key figures in the 1930's is Kennan of the containment telegram fame. He also sees little point in pushing to help these US citizens, who are perceived by many in officialdom as pinks and reds linked to US unionism. The lame response of FDR himself to the tragedy of the US citizens and the failure to perceive the true nature of the Stalin regime helps understanding of Churchills frustration with FDR-Stalin relations at the wartime meetings. It also provides a wider survey of the process of arrest, horrendous Gulag conditions, execution and disappearance during not one but three waves of Terror including US troops siezed during and after World War II. and how the process came to an end of sorts. "The Forsaken" is a valuable addition to the work on Stalin's Russia. Perhaps it will also start to show a wider audience that Stalin was no better than Hitler, in all probability much worse, in creating a society that dehumanised its members and eliminated millions. May ‘09 (*****)
Lisa Jardine: Going Dutch: How England Plundered Holland's Glory
After an effective account of 1688, Jardine then leaves the political to explore the artistic, architectural and scientific links that were already in place between the Netherlands and England by 1688. These were indeed amazingly widespread. much more than I had realised. This is knowledgeable and very well illustrated, if a little too dry, pure "history of art" focused for me. It, like much of the work, is also perhaps a lttle too centred on the experience and evidence of one particular family, the Dutch Huygens household. The final section looks at the economic ties. This is the least satisfying part of the work. Too little is said of the reasons why, despite the connections argued for in the book, Anglo-Dutch trade remains competitive to the point of war and massacres of rival trade posts. Equally, too little emphasis is made on reasons for the series of wars in mid century between the two, or (despite what is said on the final page) on why the Netherlands declined as Englands fortunes grew. Just like those of Scotland in the same period..... In fact Anglo-Dutch relations and connections & links at the time seem to uncannily mirror those of Anglo-Scottish. Only, the Netherlands escaped complete assimilation with England. Now there's a theme for another book..... March '09 (***)
Walter Nugent: Habits of Empire: A History of American Expansion
Looks at the expansion of the USA from independence to today & identifies this in 3 stages (Empire I, the period of internal expansion, Empire II, the Pacific and Caribbean imperialism and Empire III, post 1945.) Most focus is on I & II and what a depressing tale he tells. It did not take long for the (thoroughly European Great Power) diplomatic skills of duplicity and selfish ambition to appear. Greatly assisted by an early ability to take advantage of Great Power problems elsewhere to acqiure territory by Treaty & Dollars, the young Republic is also quite happy to undermine states that helped it gain independence (most notably Spain) and attack neighbours (British Canada, Mexico) in search of the expansion of what it considered its manifest destiny.
Worst of all though Nugent shows the impact of Manifest Destiny on the native population. Pushed, shoved, but most of all decimated by the diseases of what Nugent calls the Anglo-European settlers they are all but wiped out to become little more than another ethnic minority by the 20th century. At times the depth of detail of the early Spanish wars can be overwhelming, not to say tedious, but Nugent's book needs to be recommended reading for anyone who believes the US was isolationist before Teddy Rooosevelt and Woodrow Wilson. As I said at the start, a depressing read. Feb '09 (****)
Claire Tomalin: Samuel Pepys: The Unequalled Self
A sympathetic survey of the able administrator that naval historians of the 17th century so admire. Yet it is the personal diarist/observer that takes centre stage. The diaries cover barely 10 years of Pepys life but include Sex, drink, brutal (but successful) surgery, plague, fire, music, marital conflict, the fall of kings, corruption and courage in public life, wars, navies, public executions, and incarceration in the Tower of London. These are all treated clearly and methodically in themed chapters, organised in a way which would have pleased the methodical man himself. Tomalin argues that the diaries are much more than an account of events but are a genuine piece of literary value displaying more than ever before the personal tensions, desires and most of all relationships and concerns of the upwardly mobile. In this sense Pepys is presented as a flawed but essentially caring man guilt ridden after doing something he feels remorse for. He is shown as quite modern.
Like Marlborough, Pepys is another example of how individuals accommodate to the intriguing question of Regime change. Tomalin shows clearly how a generation that grew up or begun carrers under Cromwell had to accommodate themselves with the restoration of the monarchy. Pepys never seems to lose the republicanism of his boyhood – yet has to come to terms with rising to high office due to royal favour. However he has the honesty to stand by his Royal patrons (unlike Marlborough and James II) even if heir lifestyle is not to his taste and he has to ultimately resign. It is perhaps a mark of how close you get to Pepys that there is a genuine sense of loss when he passes away at the end. This is a real read – impressively researched, and reading like a page turner. Jan '09 (*****)
David Kynaston: Austerity Britain: A World to Build
A mixture of Vox Pop (through the reports of the innovative Mass Observation reports of the time & diarists - often the self selecting celebs of then and now) and analysis. Very comprehensive - this covers 1945-47 only - but at times perhaps too much so, leading to a desire to skim in places. I found the analysis chapters more interesting than the ones populated by witness quotes. Most intriguing was the chapter on the ideas behind state nationalisation - I had not realised the degree to which this was seen as a top down model with no real consideration given to the value or necessity of any employer participation. In most cases existing managers were kept in control. (One other point: did it always rain then? By chance the photos mostly appear to have been taken on damp, dark rainy days. As if the time was not depressing enough...) Nov '08 (***)
Ryszard Kapuscinski: Imperium
This is a volume of essays dating from 1939 to the fall of Gorbachev by the Polish journalist. In them, Kapuscinski writes clearly and shows a sharp sense of observation of the workings of the Soviet Empire as he finds it in his travels during the period. Although we are well aware now that the former USSR was not a monolith but made up of many different nationalities and Soviet Republics, his writing from the 1980's from the Soviet "stans" reminds us that this was also the case at a time when the west tended to consider the USSR as one uniform state. In many ways the best is at the start and finish - a masterly description of the 1939 Soviet occupation of eastern Poland from a boys account and an analysis from the time by an easterner of the fall of Gorbachev. Not quite history writing, but a good resource for historical study of the period. Oct' 08. (***)
Richard Holmes: Marlborough: England's Fragile Genius
There is a fuller review as a post ("marlborough, template for winston churchill?"). Much more than the story of a single life. For non specialists it gives a clear and well explained narrative of the complex political developments of the period within which Marlborough operated. Marlborough, John Churchill is shown very much as a product of being born into the losing side of the civil war period, determined never again to be wrong footed by political change. One key thread running through is the links that are apparent between this Churchill and his relative, the World War II leader. The similarities between the two are eerie, leading one to speculate how much Winston Churchill actively used the example of Marlborough's experience to determine his own relationships with the allied leaders in World War II. Holmes is a military historian and the prospect of page after page of the military campaigns fought may be a daunting prospect for many. However, Holmes does not allow these to dominate and keeps a good balance between these and the other factors, notably his wife Sarah, that influenced the man. All in all, a well rounded and researched biography with relevant illustrations and very helpful map (although a key to the annotation of military maps would be useful to the non specialist) and a good read! Sept '08
(****)
Antonia Fraser: Marie Antoinette
Initially started as a holiday read and expecting to read of a weak, dissolute queen this biography (used as the basis for the weakish Sofia Coppola movie) soon began to reveal Marie Antoinette in a somewhat different light. Yes, much of her pre revolutionary time in France was spent out of touch with the country at large and largely oblivious to the real costs of the royal establishment. Yes, she was also rather naive and had a simplistic view of the socio-political structure. However, Fraser shows this to be as much a result of upbringing and Habsburg dynastic demands as because of flaws of character. Post 1789 sees a tougher, more considered MA emerge, a victim of the revolutionary pressures produced by the Ancien Regime of which she was part. Interestingly Fraser draws attention to the misogyny of the Jacobins as an element of the seemingly unjust treatment & trial of MA compared with Loius XVI. This is not so much a sympathetic account as one which makes much use of broad context to make the position of MA more understandable. Sept 2008 (***)
H.W. Brands: The Age of Gold: The California Gold Rush and the New American Dream
Brands provides a well detailed account of the California Gold rush of 1848-9, placing it in its national (and international) as well as Californian context. Especially valuable are the descriptions of the journeys taken by the argonauts (the hopeful gold prospectors) by sea (round the Horn, across the Pacific, through the Panama isthmus) and by land across the plains, deserts, Rockies & Sierras. Some of the dangers encountered are new to me - for example the high mortality rate from cholera as the wagons moved west. The destructive impact of the western migrants on the buffalo herds so vital to the Indian tribes is also made clear. Unfortunately, the 491 pages of small, dense type would have benefited from tighter editing. The post Gold Rush period especially seems to take on a life of its own (which perhaps should have been a separate book) but loses focus as a consequence of trying to cover too much. Brands' previous book, the Reckless Decade, on late 19th century US was more concise and all the better focused for being so. August 2008. (***)
Peter Chapman: Jungle Capitalists: A Story of Globalisation, Greed and Revolution
Charts the economic rise and pervasive political influence of the first globalised company - the US United Fruit Company, precursor for the activities of today's multinationals. By building railways and the acquisition of land rights from central American states it created monopoly banana production and determined the politics of the region. By the 1930's the company had created a "vast feudal state" of plantations, worker settlements and client governments scattered across central America. The simple Banana may have been the product, but to ensure its continued profitability (ie keeping production costs low and free from native involvement) United Fruit was not averse to heavy involvement in agressive politics. Support for coups was common, most clearly seen in the 1929 Santa Marta massacre of 1000+ demonstrators in Colombia and the Guatamalan coup of 1954. But Guatamala backfired - it frightened the US government into starting anti trust procedures that would see United Fruit shrink into "Chiquita" in the 1980's; Ernesto Guevara witnessed the coup and it helped convince him of the need to use force to gain national freedom; the US press, heavily manipulated by United Fruit decided to pursue more personally investigative styles in future (Herbert Matthews went off in search of Castro on a personal quest for "truth" which was to give such positive press for Castro in the US). However the author warns for today: Chiquita has admitted to paying nearly $2 million to right-wing death squads in Colombia and Chapman cites the example of Costa Rica, (the only central American country to escape United Fruit and create a more welfare-orientated state) where modern multinationals working within a free-market economy are causing severe problems of social inequality. This book is timely and testimony to the survival of United Fruit and how well it has continued to cover its tracks outside latin America. May '08 (****)
Giles MacDonogh: After the Reich
There is a fuller review as a post ("After the Reich") Any modern writer of post war Germany who mentions the names of Hajo Holborn and Michael Balfour in the first few pages clearly has done their reading. This book fills in the gap left in many English language histories of postwar central Europe: from the actual end of war and its immediate impact to the outbreak of the Cold War. Covering not just the zones of Germany, but also Austria and the events of German speaking Europe elsewhere - the German Reich at its largest.Since the Wende, this has been a topic occupying the history shelves of most German bookshops. MacDonogh has done English readers a service with this account. The underlying sentiment is that this book records the consequences of the far greater evil perpetrated on others by the Germans - a feeling that many of those recorded reflect, despite their misery. It is not surprising that with the opening of the east Germans have wished to document the period, nor is it surprising that Anglo-saxon writers have shunned it for so long. May '06
(*****)
Robert Carver: Paradise with Serpents
Carver's travel tales of Paraguay in 2001-2 see him comparing it with amongst others, the Congo, Albania, and the one I like best: pre partition 18th century Poland.... In places amusing, in others sadly pathetic this is a good companion to John Gimlettes Inflatable Pig (which has a more historical focus and which Carver is gracious enough to praise). Carver is well read and this gives a depth to his stories as well as allowing him to put modern Paraguay in a context with its neighbours. Starting off an enthusiastic investigative tourist, Carver ends desperate to leave and running for a seat on one of the few planes out of Paraguay for São Paulo. It may be good armchair adventure but I am not sure if this will encourage less intrepid tourists to travel far beyond Ciudad del Este though! April '08 (***)
Charles McKean: Battle for the North: The Tay and Forth Bridges and the 19th-Century Railway Wars
Outlines the late 19th century railway rivalry between the Caledonian and North British railway companies that produced the two famous rail bridges over the Tay and Forth. Well detailed but perhaps too focussed on the minutiae of the boardroom disputes that lay behind the first Tay Bridge. Conversely it does Bouch a service in highlighting the role of fatigue in bringing down his Tay Bridge. Probably best read by someone with more than a nodding acquaintance to Jute era Dundee. Knowing Dundee I found this of interest, but the lay reader might not. A health warning is perhaps needed on the jacket. One last point. Good to see so many illustrations, but the maps are terrible. March '08 (**)
Max Hastings: Nemesis (US title:Retribution): The Battle for Japan, 1944-45
Another massive tome, this time on the final 18 months of the Pacific War. An overall synthesis, easily laid out with different theatres given seperate chapters. I found the most useful sections to be on those areas of conflict often less publicised in the west (& Europe. eg Burma, Australia, China, the sub war) By contrast, Macarthurs travails through the Philippines are less compulsive (as the man himself appears to have been). Some key points emerge: the (very) variable quality of US military commanders (FDR seems to have given them an almost free hand), the Japanese disinterest in technology (!!) and the early (quite considerable) failings of the B29. March '08 (****)
Ian W. Toll: Six Frigates: The Epic History of the Founding of the U.S. Navy
A huge tome that tells the story of the origins of the US Navy (It started with just 6 frigates...) in the late 18th/early 19th century. Written by a journalist rather than a historian so is not quite a US N.A.M. Rodgers but is well written and reads easily. Still it is perhaps one for the ship anorak rather than the general reader. Interesting to see the early potential wealth of the newly independent US: able to build a fleet and a state capital at the same time! Equally valuable are the links drawn at the end that connect this early growth directly to the Monroe doctrine and Thedore Roosevelts Great White fleet. Feb '07 (***)
Ben Elton: Blind Faith
Set in a flooded, overcrowded and globally warmed future this is a cutting, clever, satire on present face-booked, celeb and fame obsessed society from the writer of Black Adder. I do not usually include Eltons on this list, (with one exception) but this one is a worthwhile addition. A quick read and amusing but thought provoking. In addition to Elton's usually socially perceptive concepts, this one has the added advantage of having a worthwhile ending and less of the gratuitous sex, rock 'n roll..... Feb '08 (****)
Jessica Warner: Craze: Gin and Debauchery in an Age of Reason
Warner writes about the English (London?) gin "epidemic" of the early 18th century. As a piece of social history it is of value, well supported and argued (perhaps too drily though - this has the air of an academic work tweaked to do a Sobel "Longtitude" for a mass market). What is most surprising though is the way the argument shows that the issue was one focussed on women, and that it was the poorest women who emerge as the biggest victims economically as well as socially from the expansion of gin drinking as well as from its ever tighter control (they did most of the streetside selling). The big distillers/publicans were men.... they continued to survive, and were not locked up to the same extent. Dec '07 (**)
Frederick Taylor: The Berlin Wall: A World Divided, 1961-1989
An interesting narrative of the history of the Berlin Wall by the autthor of Dresden. Like that earlier work much attention is given to context (although the potted history of the pre 1961 Cold War period is perhaps too potted). The Wall remains the focus, especially in the 1960's highlighting as it does the hypocrisy and lack of will of the western powers and the federal republic to support their rhetoric with action towards the east (which was probably the wise course...) But the most satisfactory chapter is perhaps the final one with insights and perceptions available only to a writer with a genuine affection and knowledge of the east gained through personal association. Useful also to anyone seeking an accessible, and general history of the GDR. One final point - in my (hardback) edition there are a surprising number of typos, signs perhaps of too swift editing. But why? Dec '07 (***)
Mike Dash: Batavia's Graveyard: The True Story of the Mad Heretic Who Led History's Bloodiest Mutiny
This is the story of the 1629 Batavia mutiny of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). The (eventually quite horrific) story of shipwreck off modern Australia, mutiny, then "Lord of the Flies" type conflict between the shipwrecked survivors is well told, and equally provides a clear general insight into the workings of the VOC and the early routes to the east. The final section interestingly brings the story up to the present (despite a poor psycho-babble conclusion on the main character). There are a few caveats however: initially the book digresses too much from the story to talk of 17th century ships and trade in general. My edition had a third (over 100 pages) devoted to useful footnotes, but no numbering was given in the text - you had to look at the back in the "off chance" there may be a footnote and a statement was founded in history, not supposition..... Some illustrations would also be useful... Nov '07 (***)
Simon Sebag Montefiore: Young Stalin
This has to be read by anyone who seriously wants to understand what made Stalin tick. The account of his youth and formative years (up to Oct/Nov 1917) clearly indicates the impact of growing up in the wilds of (still lawless and gangster riddled) Georgia and the Caucasus. Sebag Montefiore's account does more though - it explains perhaps the ease with which the USSR slid into oligarchy and lawlessness in the 1990's - because of a general underlying tradition of violence, but also the dangers of faith schools and the risks of encarcerating enemies of the state in similar places. Stalin? More educated and culturally rounded than I had thought, but presents as not a pleasant character at all - easy to understand his purges and ruthlessness as later USSR leader. Equally repugnant seemed to be his inclination towards impregnating teenage girls at least half his age - one of whom was only 13, (he was in his 30's......) Very readable nonetheless. Oct '07 (****)
Paul Blustein: And the Money Kept Rolling In (and Out): Wall Street, the IMF, and the Bankrupting of Argentina
A readable account of the 2001-2 Argentine economic crash and how it emerged out of the growth of the 1990's. And at the end, where does Blustein point the finger of blame? To be sure, slack Argentine policies throughout the period and the impetuosity finally of Cavallo (where was President de la Rua at the time?) carry much of the final responsibility for the eventual collapse. However he argues that the real culprits are the international bankers - too willing to lend, to convince the Argentine government to issue more & more bonds and to push rates of repayment ever higher. The IMF? Blustein sees them as being blinded by what he calls "poster-child syndrome" ie unwilling to be tough & give unwelcome advice and support (especially post 1998) other then more loans, when "tough love" rather than more debts was needed by the country it had over-promoted as the free market success of the 1990's. Sept '07 (***)
Edward Pearce: The Great Man: Sir Robert Walpole: Scoundrel, Genius and Britain's First Prime Minister
Well reviewed tome on the 18th century prime minister. However, despite that I found the style tedious, not to say affected, with its large number of subordinate clauses (very Germanic - perhaps this is an attempt to produce a hanoverian style???). Nor does the amount of snide sniping at other historians help as this undermines the regard for the new material and ideas provided by Pearce. A shame as this (not necessarily likeable) character deserves a better presented modern treatment. Disappointing. Sept '07 (**)
Giles Tremlett: Ghosts of Spain: Travels Through Spain and Its Secret Past
Written by The Guardians Spain reporter this is a guide to help the anglo-saxon understand modern Spain by attempting to explain the history - ancient & modern - that is its foundation. Tremlett, as a long term resident writes with insight and real understanding - and at length. His best chapters are the early ones when he explains the secretos a voces originating from the Franco era and the "amnistía and amnesia" that followed it. He rationalises the dichotomy whereby Spains prosecutors are the most fervent in chasing up the perpetrators of Latin Americas military regimes whilst (until recently at least) ignoring the events of their own right wing period. Unfortunately the book will be too wordy to be read by most anglosajóns on the costas - tighter editing might have broadened its appeal - and value. (Sept '07) (***)
Ben Macintyre: Agent Zigzag: A True Story of Nazi Espionage, Love, and Betrayal
A quick holiday read but no less enjoyable for that. Macintyres account of the double agent Eddie Chapman is told well and in a sympathetic way - this despite the many initially questionable aspects of the man himself. Chapman, Agent Zigzag, a habitual criminal and serial womaniser/romancer became a spy for the German Abwehr then a double agent (of considerable value) for MI5. What is still unclear at the end is Chapman's motivation. Given the apparent complexities of his personality that may never be clear. As Le Carre is quoted in the blurb "meticulously researched, splendidly told and often very moving" especially in his loyalty to old friends. August '07 (***)
Thomas E. Ricks: Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq
Written by a veteran war correspondent this is the most depressing piece of writing to show very clearly and exhaustively just how incompetent and unprepared the US govt and military was/is for the Iraq war. Ricks is very painstaking in his research and the real degree of the fiasco becomes clearer and clearer as each page of tight text unfolds. A couple of caveats: the book could have done with a little more editing as the catalogue of recorded failings grows & grows (If time is short the first 200 of 440 are the most telling). Equally it needs to be remembered it is a piece of journalism, not history (but will become a valuable historical document iteself for its interviews) and this comes through in places in style and presentation. Ultimately the question the reader is left with is how little grasp of affairs & ability the US Presidency had/has and how little (informed) leadership it provided - and how genuinely unpleasant and ill educated key advisers were. August '07
(****)
Adrian Tinniswood: The Verneys: A True Story of Love, War and Madness in Seventeenth-Century England
Based on the massive 17th century Verney correspondence collection this gives a unique insight into the trials & joys of a well to do English gentry family. Tinniswood's Verneys are presented in a very readable narrative - a historical soap - with well judged asides to provide context to the general reader (if a little irritating to a specialist). Three aspects are made especially clear: the constant presence of mortality; the impact of civil war at a family level; the significance of social networking. Equally the book traces a clear change in the pattern of political power: from court based patronage, to the political corruption of early party politics and the emergence of trade based influence. Grass roots history at its most enjoyable. Maybe there are enough later letters for an 18th century follow up? July '07 (***)
Jonathan Fenby: Alliance: The Inside Story of How Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill Won One War and Began Another
Meticulously detailed this looks exhaustively (at times perhaps too much so unless you are using this to research an essay!!) at the development of the WW2 alliance system. Several points emerge very clearly: that Teheran was probably the key meeting - Yalta was a case of formalising what had already been decided. Secondly, the emergence of Stalin as the main player with the support of FDR. Equally it is a surprise how many of the leading US & UK participants were in poor health, not just FDR but also many aides and military figures. As for Churchill he seemed unable to get Gallipoli out of his system, but was right in his postwar fears. For the publisher: why no maps? They would have been really helpful to envisage the logistics of the meetings. A false economy. June '07 (***)
Philip Roth: The Plot Against America: A Novel
An intriguing piece of counterfactual history - FDR loses the 1940 election to a right wing Lindbergh in league with Nazi Germany. Written in the first person from the viewpoint of a 10 year old boy this is perceptive and emotionally moving on a personal as well as social and political level as it charts the gradual decline of the US into antisemitic persecution. Yes, you can see how it might happen in a "civilised" society.... May '07 (****)
Sarah Helm: A Life in Secrets: Vera Atkins and the Missing Agents of WWII
This story of Vera Atkins, responsible for sending British female secret agents to Nazi France and her cathartic efforts to find out what happened to those who did not return is a compelling, well crafted read. The Atkins life is full of twists and page turning mysteries. However in the process Helm emphasizes the bravery of those sent to France and the amateur incompetence of those who sent them. Equally, the transparent nature of the books structure serves as an excellent example of how history is laboriously researched and worked upon using a variety of sources – in this case very much like a detective thriller. March ´07 (****)
am not a great believer in the value of post dated apologies for
historical events. Generally to impose modern values on decisions
made in a different context deep in the past have only limited value
to the those, or the descendants of those affected. Often this also
carries a PR advantage for the government issuing the apology. For an Australian, and so topical view on this click 
